C_CELEB.txt Driver File Contents (ASManager2_6.zip)

Name: <  >
Class: <  >
Date: <  >

Celebrations
September, October, November

Fall is a time of celebration! Native Americans have "powwows"; Jews all over the world celebrate Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur. Modern American Halloween and Thanksgiving celebrations are rooted in old, old customs of Europe.

Read about some of these celebrations below. Then write a response to the questions following each celebration.

September

Native Americans -- On this day, Native Americans come together to share and celebrate the old ways. They "powwow" with dancing and tribal chants. The word "powwow" is an Indian word for conjurer, or magician. Traditional powwows were held to cure disease and to bring success in battle or the hunt.

A day of national celebration of Native Americans is yet to be firmly set. Among the most popular days for a Native American Day is the fourth Friday in September.

Why is it important to celebrate a Native American day? What date would you set?

<  >

Name and save this file now.  (Press Ctrl-S, type a name for the file, and press Enter.)

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Rosh Hashanah (Date changes each year.) -- Rosh Hashanah is one of the most sacred of Jewish holidays. It begins the season of High Holy Days. On the first day of the first lunar month of the Hebrew calendar, women light special candles. The kiddush (prayers) are recited. Pieces of sweet bread or fruits dipped in honey are eaten as a symbol of sweetness and health in the new year.

During two-day prayer services in synagogues, a master blows the shofar (ram's horn). The powerful trumpet sound of the shofar reminds believers of the old testament time when enemy walls tumbled down. Rosh Hashanah celebrates the driving away of evil and the triumph of Jehovah.

Do you celebrate Rosh Hashanah? If you do, describe what happens on this holiday. If you don't celebrate this holiday, what do you think you would like most about it?

<  >

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Yom Kippur, the most important Jewish holiday, comes ten days after Rosh Hashanah. It means "Day of Atonement." A special feast and prayers are followed by 24-hour fasting. Prayers of forgiveness are said for the sins of all people. Synagogue altars and the Torah are draped in white, the symbol of purity. A solemn, high holy day, Yom Kippur brings the joy of a new beginning.

Why do you think Yom Kippur is celebrated? What makes this day important to celebrate?

<  >

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October

October 31 -- Our celebration of Halloween grew out of both pagan and religious customs. Halloween is celebrated on October 31st because in pagan times a celebration began when the sun set, the evening before All Hallows' Day -- November 1st. All Hallows' Day is also called All Saints' Day, and it became a religious celebration of the living saints. However, it is followed by All Souls' Day which celebrates the dead.

Our Halloween customs continue to change over the years. Bobbing for apples is a very old custom that began in Scotland. It became a common Halloween party game in the United States. Autumn apples still stand for an abundant harvest and a full moon.

Children still shout "Trick or treat!" and clutch large sacks or pillow cases. The idea of "tricks" if no treat is given may go back to the English Plough Day custom. Ploughmen, or farmers, would go about the countryside and beg for gifts. If none were offered, they were likely to rough up the ground with their plows. Modern American children alter the custom and soap car windows.

Masks and scary costumes are still a part of Halloween. Once the custom was for children. Sheet-covered children dressed as ghosts went from house to house, tripping over their homemade costumes. Now, adults seem to be taking over the costume custom! Merchants find Halloween is big business for makeup, weird masks, and expensive adult-size costumes. Witches, pumpkins, and black cats are also adults' favorite themes for Halloween cookies, party favors, and decorations.

Visiting grave sites and praying for the dead is the traditional religious side of All Souls' Day. Prayers said by the living to help souls of the dead date back to the tenth century. Now, fortune telling, ghostly tales, and haunted houses hung with skeletons take over on Halloween night.

What is your favorite Halloween custom? In a short paragraph, describe what you like about this custom.

<  >

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November

Thanksgiving Day (Date changes each year.) -- On this day in the United States, we think of the Pilgrims' first feast of thanksgiving in 1621 at Plymouth Rock. Two Presidents helped to make it a national holiday. At the time of the American Revolution, October 31st was set aside "for Public Thanksgiving and Praise." Later, in 1789, President George Washington proclaimed the last Thursday in November as a national Thanksgiving Day. But people then liked to celebrate regional "harvest home" days better than a "national" day.

As the country grew, roads, canals, and railways were built. Now, a "market" could be local towns and cities or a national market. The spread of trade helped develop a national spirit and culture. What better story to celebrate "Americanism" than the Pilgrims? During the Civil War, to promote the idea of "union" President Lincoln again declared the last Thursday in November a national Thanksgiving Day. In 1941, Congress ruled that day would be an annual holiday.

Main dishes for the "new" holiday were those of the New England home harvest feast: turkey, cranberries, vegetables, and pumpkin pie. These foods caught on around the country because they were thought to be foods the Pilgrims ate. The United States has undergone rapid change in the past century. The basic Thanksgiving Day menu has not!

Some Americans add or substitute foods and customs. Chinese Americans might have moon cakes, a food associated with their autumn harvest. Hungarian Americans traditionally honor the grape harvest. Among native Americans is the Iroquois Ah-dake-wa-o, or Green Corn Festival. Succotash, a soup of corn and other grains, is a traditional food for this important day of giving thanks to the Great Spirit.

Peoples the world over in all times have had days of thanksgiving -- for a good harvest or for deliverance from war or calamity. The rich variety of customs from place to place makes up a great universal "thanks."

Do you celebrate Thanksgiving? If you do, describe some of the Thanksgiving customs that you observe. Do you go to someone's house? What type of meal do you have? What type of activities take place?

<  >

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Local Fall Celebrations

Does your community celebrate Labor Day or Veterans Day? Do you hold harvest days, county fairs, maple sugar days, or apple festivals?

Read about coming events in local newspapers or magazines. Better yet, attend a celebration! Then, write a paragraph describing your fall event. Answer who-what-where-why-and when questions. Type your paragraph beside the <  > marker below.

<  >

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Your Favorite Fall Activity

What do you like most about fall? It can be anything from jumping in the leaves to bobbing for apples to visiting the zoo. First, type your favorite fall activity in the between the angle brackets in the following two questions. Then write several sentences about your favorite fall activity in response to the questions below.

1) How does <  > make you feel? (Use feeling words like happy, scared, etc.)

<  >

2) Why do you like <  >? (Use sensory words to describe what you see, taste, smell, touch, and hear.)

<  >

Create a Fall Celebration

Now turn the favorite fall activity you described above into a national celebration.

1) Give your celebration a name. <  >

2) Decide on a date for your celebration. <  >

3) How should < > Day be celebrated?  (Use specific words like costumes, prayers, etc.)

< >

4) Will <  > Day be celebrated on a certain date of a certain month? Or will it be a "moveable feast," like Thanksgiving, and be celebrated on a certain day of a certain week?

<  >

5) Write a short announcement for your school or local paper telling about <  > Day. Give who-what-where-why-and when information.

<  >

6) Write a letter to a friend (real or imaginary). Tell about what you did on <  > Day and what your day was like.

<  >

If you haven't done so already, name and save this file now.  (Press Ctrl-S, type a name for the file, and press Enter.)

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end of activity
Copyright Renaissance Learning, Inc.
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