c_view2.txt Driver File Contents (ASManager2.zip)

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Point of View, Part 2

There are two points of view that you will use as an author -- the first person and the third person. The first person refers to a character telling his or her own story. The third person refers to an outsider telling about characters in the story.

When the story is told in the first person, the narrator always uses "I."

"I passed the stranger and noticed the unfamiliar cut of his clothes."

When the story is told in the third person, the narrator refers to the characters as "he," "she," or "they."

 "She passed the stranger and noticed the unfamiliar cut of his clothes."

In the following passage, the author writes in the third person. First, read the whole passage. Then go to the first paragraph and revise each line so it is written from the first person point of view. (Move the cursor, delete, and insert first person pronouns.)

Think of yourself as one of the two characters in the story, and describe the events as if they were happening to you.

Gregor is a young man who has strangely metamorphosed into a large, cockroach-like creature. In this excerpt, the author describes the reaction of Gregor's parents as they first glimpse their son's new appearance.

Rewrite from Third to First

Excerpt from "The Metamorphosis"
By Franz Kafka

Since he had to pull the door towards him, he was still invisible when it was really wide open. He had to edge himself slowly round the near half of the double door, and to do it very carefully if he was not to fall plump upon his back just on the threshold. He was still carrying out this difficult maneuver, with no time to observe anything else, when he heard the chief clerk utter a loud "Oh!" -- it sounded like a gust of wind -- and now he could see the man, standing as he was nearest to the door, clapping one hand before his open mouth and slowly backing away as if driven by some invisible steady pressure. His mother -- in spite of the chief clerk's being there her hair was still undone and sticking up in all directions -- first clasped her hands and looked at his father, then took two steps towards Gregor and fell on the floor among her outspread skirts, her face quite hidden on her breast. His father knotted his fist with a fierce expression on his face as if he meant to knock Gregor back into his room, then looked uncertainly round the living room, covered his eyes with his hands and wept till his great chest heaved.


Name and save this file now. (Press ctrl+S, type a name for the file, and press enter.)

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Thought Questions

Now reread your passage. Then reread the original version as the author, Kafka, wrote it (you will find it shown again below.) After reviewing both versions, type in your thoughts about the two points of view.

Excerpt from "The Metamorphosis"
By Franz Kafka
Original Version

Since he had to pull the door towards him, he was still invisible when it was really wide open. He had to edge himself slowly round the near half of the double door, and to do it very carefully if he was not to fall plump upon his back just on the threshold. He was still carrying out this difficult maneuver, with no time to observe anything else, when he heard the chief clerk utter a loud "Oh!" -- it sounded like a gust of wind -- and now he could see the man, standing as he was nearest to the door, clapping one hand before his open mouth and slowly backing away as if driven by some invisible steady pressure. His mother -- in spite of the chief clerk's being there her hair was still undone and sticking up in all directions -- first clasped her hands and looked at his father, then took two steps towards Gregor and fell on the floor among her outspread skirts, her face quite hidden on her breast. His father knotted his fist with a fierce expression on his face as if he meant to knock Gregor back into his room, then looked uncertainly round the living room, covered his eyes with his hands and wept till his great chest heaved.

Now write your thoughts in response to the questions below.

Why do you think the author chose to write in the third person?

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What was lost or what was gained by your first person version of the passage?

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If you were the author, which point of view would you use? Why?

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Writing in the First Person

Write one to three paragraphs describing the following event from the first person point of view. You are Allison in the event. Use your imagination and make up lots of details to add to the story. Start typing at the marker below.

Story Written from First Person Point of View

Allison was very familiar with the room and its contents; and yet, without knowing what it was, she felt something about the room had changed.

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From First to Third

 Have a friend or your writing partner rewrite your first person story into the third person. First make a copy of your story by the angle brackets below. Then your partner can rewrite it. (If you are working alone, you can do the rewrite yourself.)

Story Written from First Person to Third Person Point of View

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If you haven't done so already, name and save this file now. (Press ctrl+S, type a name for the file, and press enter.)

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end of activity
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