Ioctl Numbers
19 October 1999
Michael Elizabeth Chastain
<mec@shout.net>
If you are adding new ioctl's to the kernel, you should use the _IO
macros defined in <linux/ioctl.h>:
_IO an ioctl with no parameters
_IOW an ioctl with write parameters (copy_from_user)
_IOR an ioctl with read parameters (copy_to_user)
_IOWR an ioctl with both write and read parameters.
'Write' and 'read' are from the user's point of view, just like the
system calls 'write' and 'read'. For example, a SET_FOO ioctl would
be _IOW, although the kernel would actually read data from user space;
a GET_FOO ioctl would be _IOR, although the kernel would actually write
data to user space.
The first argument to _IO, _IOW, _IOR, or _IOWR is an identifying letter
or number from the table below. Because of the large number of drivers,
many drivers share a partial letter with other drivers.
If you are writing a driver for a new device and need a letter, pick an
unused block with enough room for expansion: 32 to 256 ioctl commands.
You can register the block by patching this file and submitting the
patch to Linus Torvalds. Or you can e-mail me at <mec@shout.net> and
I'll register one for you.
The second argument to _IO, _IOW, _IOR, or _IOWR is a sequence number
to distinguish ioctls from each other. The third argument to _IOW,
_IOR, or _IOWR is the type of the data going into the kernel or coming
out of the kernel (e.g. 'int' or 'struct foo').
Some devices use their major number as the identifier; this is OK, as
long as it is unique. Some devices are irregular and don't follow any
convention at all.
Following this convention is good because:
(1) Keeping the ioctl's globally unique helps error checking:
if a program calls an ioctl on the wrong device, it will get an
error rather than some unexpected behaviour.
(2) The 'strace' build procedure automatically finds ioctl numbers
defined with _IO, _IOW, _IOR, or _IOWR.
(3) 'strace' can decode numbers back into useful names when the
numbers are unique.
(4) People looking for ioctls can grep for them more easily when
this convention is used to define the ioctl numbers.
(5) When following the convention, the driver code can use generic
code to copy the parameters between user and kernel space.
This table lists ioctls visible from user land for Linux/i386. It contains
most drivers up to 2.3.14, but I know I am missing some.
Code Seq# Include File Comments
========================================================
0x00 00-1F linux/fs.h conflict!
0x00 00-1F scsi/scsi_ioctl.h conflict!
0x00 00-1F linux/fb.h conflict!
0x00 00-1F linux/wavefront.h conflict!
0x02 all linux/fd.h
0x03 all linux/hdreg.h
0x04 all linux/umsdos_fs.h
0x06 all linux/lp.h
0x09 all linux/md.h
0x12 all linux/fs.h
linux/blkpg.h
0x20 all drivers/cdrom/cm206.h
0x22 all scsi/sg.h
'1' 00-1F <linux/timepps.h> PPS kit from Ulrich Windl
<ftp://ftp.de.kernel.org/pub/linux/daemons/ntp/PPS/>
'6' 00-10 <asm-i386/processor.h> Intel IA32 microcode update driver
<mailto:tigran@veritas.com>
'8' all SNP8023 advanced NIC card
<mailto:mcr@solidum.com>
'A' 00-1F linux/apm_bios.h
'B' C0-FF advanced bbus
<mailto:maassen@uni-freiburg.de>
'C' all linux/soundcard.h
'D' all asm-s390/dasd.h
'F' all linux/fb.h
'I' all linux/isdn.h
'J' 00-1F drivers/scsi/gdth_ioctl.h
'K' all linux/kd.h
'L' 00-1F linux/loop.h
'L' E0-FF linux/ppdd.h encrypted disk device driver
<http://linux01.gwdg.de/~alatham/ppdd.html>
'M' all linux/soundcard.h conflict!
'M' 00-1F linux/isicom.h conflict!
'N' 00-1F drivers/usb/scanner.h
'P' all linux/soundcard.h
'Q' all linux/soundcard.h
'R' 00-1F linux/random.h
'S' all linux/cdrom.h conflict!
'S' 80-81 scsi/scsi_ioctl.h conflict!
'S' 82-FF scsi/scsi.h conflict!
'T' all linux/soundcard.h conflict!
'T' all asm-i386/ioctls.h conflict!
'U' all linux/drivers/usb/usb.h
'V' all linux/vt.h
'W' 00-1F linux/watchdog.h conflict!
'W' 00-1F linux/wanrouter.h conflict!
'X' all linux/xfs_fs.h
'Y' all linux/cyclades.h
'a' all ATM on linux
<http://lrcwww.epfl.ch/linux-atm/magic.html>
'b' 00-FF bit3 vme host bridge
<mailto:natalia@nikhefk.nikhef.nl>
'c' 00-7F linux/comstats.h conflict!
'c' 00-7F linux/coda.h conflict!
'd' 00-1F linux/devfs_fs.h conflict!
'd' 00-DF linux/video_decoder.h conflict!
'd' F0-FF linux/digi1.h
'e' all linux/digi1.h conflict!
'e' 00-1F linux/video_encoder.h conflict!
'e' 00-1F net/irda/irtty.h conflict!
'f' 00-1F linux/ext2_fs.h
'h' 00-7F Charon filesystem
<mailto:zapman@interlan.net>
'i' 00-3F linux/i2o.h
'j' 00-3F linux/joystick.h
'k' all asm-sparc/kbio.h
asm-sparc64/kbio.h
'l' 00-3F linux/tcfs_fs.h transparent cryptographic file system
<http://mikonos.dia.unisa.it/tcfs>
'l' 40-7F linux/udf_fs_i.h in development:
<http://www.trylinux.com/projects/udf/>
'm' all linux/mtio.h conflict!
'm' all linux/soundcard.h conflict!
'm' all linux/synclink.h conflict!
'm' 00-1F net/irda/irmod.h conflict!
'n' 00-7F linux/ncp_fs.h
'n' E0-FF video/matrox.h matroxfb
'p' 00-3F linux/mc146818rtc.h
'p' 40-7F linux/nvram.h
'p' 80-9F user-space parport
<mailto:tim@cyberelk.net>
'q' 00-1F linux/videotext.h conflict!
'q' 80-FF Internet PhoneJACK, Internet LineJACK
<http://www.quicknet.net>
'r' 00-1F linux/msdos_fs.h
's' all linux/cdk.h
't' 00-7F linux/if_ppp.h
't' 80-8F linux/isdn_ppp.h
'u' 00-1F linux/smb_fs.h
'v' 00-1F linux/ext2_fs.h conflict!
'v' all linux/videodev.h conflict!
'w' all CERN SCI driver
'y' 00-1F packet based user level communications
<mailto:zapman@interlan.net>
'z' 00-3F CAN bus card
<mailto:hdstich@connectu.ulm.circular.de>
'z' 40-7F CAN bus card
<mailto:oe@port.de>
0x80 00-1F linux/fb.h
0x89 00-06 asm-i386/sockios.h
0x89 0B-DF linux/sockios.h
0x89 E0-EF linux/sockios.h SIOCPROTOPRIVATE range
0x89 F0-FF linux/sockios.h SIOCDEVPRIVATE range
0x8B all linux/wireless.h
0x8C 00-3F WiNRADiO driver
<http://www.proximity.com.au/~brian/winradio/>
0x90 00 drivers/cdrom/sbpcd.h
0x93 60-7F linux/auto_fs.h
0x99 00-0F 537-Addinboard driver
<mailto:buk@buks.ipn.de>
0xA0 all linux/sdp/sdp.h Industrial Device Project
<mailto:kenji@bitgate.com>
0xA3 80-8F Port ACL in development:
<mailto:tlewis@mindspring.com>
0xA3 90-9F linux/dtlk.h
0xAB 00-1F linux/nbd.h
0xAC 00-1F linux/raw.h
0xAD 00 Netfilter device in development:
<mailto:rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
0xB0 all RATIO devices in development:
<mailto:vgo@ratio.de>
0xB1 00-1F PPPoX <mailto:mostrows@styx.uwaterloo.ca>
0xCB 00-1F CBM serial IEC bus in development:
<mailto:michael.klein@puffin.lb.shuttle.de>
0xFE 00-9F Logical Volume Manager <mailto:linux-lvm@sistina.com>
Download Driver Pack
After your driver has been downloaded, follow these simple steps to install it.
Expand the archive file (if the download file is in zip or rar format).
If the expanded file has an .exe extension, double click it and follow the installation instructions.
Otherwise, open Device Manager by right-clicking the Start menu and selecting Device Manager.
Find the device and model you want to update in the device list.
Double-click on it to open the Properties dialog box.
From the Properties dialog box, select the Driver tab.
Click the Update Driver button, then follow the instructions.
Very important: You must reboot your system to ensure that any driver updates have taken effect.
For more help, visit our Driver Support section for step-by-step videos on how to install drivers for every file type.