CLIENT KIT README FOR SNMP (05/11/94) To print this file to a local printer, 1. Insert the workstation diskette containing this file into drive A: (or B:). 2. At the DOS prompt, type "A:" (or "B:") and press <Enter>. 3. At the DOS prompt, type "COPY READVLM.TXT PRN" and press <Enter>. NOTE: If you have a postscript printer, import this file into a word processing application and print from the application. ------------------------------------------------------------------ CONTENTS This document contains the following topics about SNMP on the NetWare Client for DOS and MS Windows: 1.0 Introduction to Desktop SNMP 2.0 Components of Desktop SNMP 3.0 Enabling Desktop SNMP Services 3.1 Prerequisites 3.2 Procedure 3.3 Sample configuration file (HRMIB.INI) for HRMIB.EXE 3.4 Sample NET.CFG File for Desktop SNMP Services 4.0 Conventional Memory Usage 5.0 Unloading the Desktop SNMP Software 6.0 Where to Go from Here 1.0 Introduction to Desktop SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is an industry-standard protocol for communication between a network management console and the network devices that the console is to monitor. This chapter explains how to enable desktop SNMP services on your computer, and how to modify the NET.CFG file to implement additional SNMP options. The chapter is primarily for supervisors of networks in which an SNMP-based network management system is implemented. The Desktop SNMP agent provided with the NetWare Client Kit 1.1, allows you to manage your NetWare clients from Novell's NMS (NetWare Management System) and other industry-standard SNMP management consoles. 2.0 Components of Desktop SNMP The NetWare Client Kit 1.1 includes the following components for the Desktop SNMP agent: HRMIB.EXE - the Host Resources manager, which collects information about a computer that is running DOS on the network. HRMIB.INI - the configuration file for the HRMIB.EXE file. WSSNMP.VLM - Desktop SNMP module, which includes support for MIB-II System and SNMP groups WSREG.VLM - MIB registration module WSASN1.VLM - ASN.1 translation module WSTRAP.VLM - Trap module MIB2IF.VLM - MIB-II interface groups support MIB2PROT.VLM - MIB-II support for the TCP/IP groups STPUDP.COM - Transport provider module for UDP/IP STPIPX.COM - Transport provider for IPX These files are copied the client directory on your computer (default is C:\NWCLIENT.) NOTE: Refer to the documentation provided with the SNMP management software for information on specific configurations for the management software. 3.0 Enabling Desktop SNMP Services You can set up Desktop SNMP on your client to act as an SNMP agent for any SNMP-based management consoles. 3.1 Prerequisites To set up Desktop SNMP Agent services on your client, you will need to perform the following tasks: þ Install the NetWare Client 1.1 on your client computer. þ Modify the NET.CFG file to reflect the presence of Desktop SNMP .VLM files, and then set the required .VLM file options in the NET.CFG file. See section "IV," "Sample NET.CFG File for Desktop SNMP Services" in this file. þ Set the "TRAP TARGET" address of the NetWare Services Management (NSM) consoles or other SNMP-based managers in the NET.CFG file. See section "IV," "Sample NET.CFG File for Desktop SNMP Services" in this file. þ Modify the STARTNET.BAT file to load either STPIPX.COM or STPUDP.COM. þ Load the NetWare client software by running the STARTNET.BAT file in the client directory. NOTE: You must have either IPX or IP transport installed on your system. IPX transport (IPXODI) is provided by the NetWare DOS requester provided in the NetWare Client Kit 1.1. IP transport for UDP/IP is provided by LAN Workplace for DOS 4.1 (LAN Workplace). You can use both types of transport on a single client. 3.2 Procedures By default, desktop SNMP services are not enabled when you install the NetWare client. To enable desktop SNMP services, do the following: 1. Ensure that the Desktop SNMP files are copied to the client directory (default is C:\NWCLIENT). 2. Modify the NET.CFG file to load the Desktop SNMP .VLM file suite. IMPORTANT: When the Desktop SNMP .VLM file suite is loaded, the WSSNMP.VLM must be loaded first. The WSTRAP.VLM and WSREG.VLM files must be loaded prior to loading the WSASN1.VLM file. To load the Desktop SNMP .VLM file suite, modify the NET.CFG file on your client in either of the following two ways: a. To load Desktop SNMP in addition to the NetWare DOS Requester software, add the following lines to the NET.CFG file under the "NetWare DOS Requester" section: VLM = WSSNMP.VLM VLM = WSTRAP.VLM VLM = WSREG.VLM VLM = WSASN1.VLM b. To load only Desktop SNMP, without the NetWare DOS Requester modules, add the following lines to the NET.CFG file under the "NetWare DOS Requester" section: USE DEFAULTS = OFF VLM = WSSNMP.VLM VLM = WSTRAP.VLM VLM = WSREG.VLM VLM = WSASN1.VLM 3. Modify client configuration files for setting up Desktop SNMP. See "Desktop SNMP Option" in Appendix B of "Workstation for DOS and MS Windows" for information and details on how to set up and configure your client for the following Desktop SNMP parameters: þ Transport providers þ MIB-II support þ Community names þ Asynchronous timeout 4. Modify the C:\NWCLIENT\STARTNET.BAT file to load the Desktop SNMP transport files. Add the following commands in the STARTNET.BAT after the line which loads the VLM.EXE file. If you are using IPX transport, add the following line by typing: STPIPX If you are using UDP/IP transport, add the following line by typing: STPUDP NOTE: You can add both commands if your client uses both IPX and UDP/IP transport. NOTE: If you are running LAN Workplace, make sure you are do not load the SNMP.EXE file, provided with the LAN Workplace package. The installation program for LAN Workplace creates a file called "LANWP.BAT" that loads the LAN Workplace software. Check this file for a line reading "SNMP." It should be listed directly following the line "TCPIP." If the SNMP line is present, delete it or comment it out. 5. Use DOS SET command at the system prompt or in a batch file to set the correct time zone for your area, as follows: SET TZ = time_zone Refer to your DOS manual for the exact syntax for your particular time zone. If the time zone is not set in your computer's environment, traps for SNMP may report an incorrect time. 6. Reboot your computer. The VLM manager will load the Desktop SNMP .VLM file suite along with any other .VLM files your client is configured to load. The Desktop SNMP workstation support includes the HRMIB.EXE and HRMIB.INI files. These files enable the console to view data collected at each Desktop SNMP workstation. The files are located in the client directory (default is C:\NWCLIENT). To enable the SNMP console to view data about a Desktop SNMP workstation, you will need to perform the following tasks: þ Install the NetWare Client 1.1 on your client computer. þ Load the HRMIB.EXE software on the client you want data collected from. 1. Ensure that the HRMIB.EXE and HRMIB.INI files exist in your client directory (default is C:\NWCLIENT). 2. Load the HRMIB.EXE file by typing HRMIB.EXE NOTE: Ensure that the DOS SNMP Agent software is set up and loaded on your client before loading the HRMIB.EXE file. 3. Configuring the HRMIB.INI File The Host Resources MIB does not return information about devices attached to the host computers, such as printers, modems, and tape drives. If the network management console is to view details of such devices, you must list them in the HRMIB.INI file. The HRMIB.INI file is located in the directory to which you installed the NetWare client (C:\NWCLIENT by default) on your computer. Use a ASCII text editor to enter a short description of each device. For example: 3.3 Sample configuration file (HRMIB.INI) for HRMIB.EXE # List of all printers connected to host [printers] HP LaserJet IIIp on LPT1: NEC P20 on LPT2: # List of all modems connected to host [modems] Hayes Optima 144 on COM1: # List of all tape drives connected to host [tapes] Colorado DJ10 HP 35480A SCSI DAT (4-8 GB) # other devices obtained via DOS APIs 3.4 Sample NET.CFG File for Desktop SNMP Services A sample of the NET.CFG for SNMP agent services is as follows: Link Driver NE2000 PORT 300 INT 3 FRAME Ethernet_802.2 MEM D0000 NetWare DOS Requester VLM = WSSNMP.VLM VLM = WSTRAP.VLM VLM = WSREG.VLM VLM = WSASN1.VLM VLM = MIB2IF.VLM VLM = MIB2PROT.VLM Desktop SNMP enable monitor community = any monitor community = "public" enable control community = specific control community = "public" enable trap community = specific trap community = "public" sysName = "Suzanne Morley x893" sysLocation = "Building 2" sysContact = "suzanne@acompany.com" snmpEnableAuthenTraps = on Transport Provider IPX trap target = ab123456:0123456789ab trap target = cd654321:ba9876543210 Transport Provider UDP trap target = 999.88.77.66 trap target = 888.11.22.33 4.0 Conventional Memory Usage If you are willing to trade conventional memory for performance, you can load one or more Desktop SNMP .VLM files in conventional memory. To load all .VLM files in conventional memory, use the VLM /MC switch when running the VLM manager. To load a Desktop SNMP .VLM files in conventional memory, place lines of the following form in the NET.CFG file: Netware DOS Requester VLM = vlm_name.VLM LOAD LOW vlm_name = ON For example, to load Desktop SNMP while loading the WSASN1.VLM and WSREG.VLM files in conventional memory, place the following lines in the NET.CFG file: Netware DOS Requester VLM = WSSNMP.VLM VLM = WSTRAP.VLM VLM = WSREG.VLM VLM = WSASN1.VLM Load low WSREG = ON Load low WSASN1 = ON 5.0 Unloading the Desktop SNMP Software The following commands, issued in the order given, unload Desktop SNMP. NOTE: The VLM -u command unloads all VLM files, not just Desktop SNMP. 1. Unload STPUDP if UDP/IP support has been loaded: STPUDP -u 2. Unload STPIPX if IPX support has been loaded: STPIPX -u 3. Unload all VLM files: VLM -u IMPORTANT: Always unload the modules in reverse order from the order in which you loaded them. For example, if you loaded the VLM manager followed by STPUDP and then STPIPX, you must unload them as follows: STPIPX -u STPUDP -u VLM -u Unloading the modules in any order other than reverse order causes an error. 6.0 Where to Go from Here After you have completed the initial configuration of the desktop SNMP agent, you can further modify the Desktop SNMP options in the NET.CFG file to meet your specific network requirements. Refer to"Using the Desktop SNMP NET.CFG Option for DOS and MS Windows Workstations" in the following section for a description of these modifications. 7.0 Using the Desktop SNMP NET.CFG Option for DOS and MS Windows Workstations Use this option to manage MIB-II support and communities for SNMP desktops on NetWare and Personal NetWare networks. For transport providers used with SNMP desktops, see "Using the Transport Provider IPX | UDP NET.CFG Option for DOS and MS Windows Workstations." Available Parameters and Settings for the Desktop SNMP Option This option has the following parameters and settings: asynchronous timeout=number monitor community=["name | public | private"] control community=["name | public | private"] trap community=["name | public | private"] enable monitor community=[specified | any | off | omitted] enable control community=[specified | any | off | omitted] enable trap community=[specified | off | omitted] sysname="name" syslocation="location" syscontact="contact" snmpenableauthentraps=[on | off] Asynchronous Timeout ASYNCHRONOUS TIMEOUT number Use this parameter and setting to monitor and control your SNMP connections. When an SNMP manager requests information from a managed object, the desktop SNMP waits a set amount of time before attempting to cancel requests it has made against managed objects. Syntax asynchronous timeout=number Default 20 Examples For example, to have Desktop SNMP wait 35 system ticks (approximately 2 seconds) before attempting to cancel a request, you would place the following lines in your NET.CFG file: desktop snmp asynchronous timeout=35 The timeout number is in ticks (18.21 ticks per second on IBM PCs and compatibles). Community Names Desktop SNMP provides default community names for the monitor (read-only) and control (read/write) communities, as well as a default community used for traps. Desktop SNMP and other SNMP entities use these names for access control. The community name contained in a request message from an SNMP management station must match the name expected by Desktop SNMP. Examples of NET.CFG Files Using the Community Name and Types" for examples of complete files. If Desktop SNMP receives a request protocol data unit (PDU) whose community name is not authorized, it does not respond to the request. For example, suppose the control community name is "Secret," and Desktop SNMP receives a SETRequest PDU with a community name of "Public." Desktop SNMP discards the SETRequest UDP and does not respond to the UDP. However, Desktop SNMP does send an authentication trap to the trap targets if snmpEnableAuthenTraps is ON. A community name can be any arbitrary, case-sensitive ASCII string up to 32 characters in length. It can include any characters except space, tab, open square bracket ( [ ), equal sign ( = ), colon ( : ), semicolon ( ; ), double quotation mark ( " ), or number sign ( # ). Community name strings are case-sensitive. Always enclose the community name string in double quotation marks. In the Desktop SNMP section of the NET.CFG file, you can define three communities, as described in the following table: Desktop SNMP Option Parameters for Community Names Parameter Explanation monitor community Describes the read-only community (the community that is allowed to do GET and GET NEXT operations). The default value is "Public." When the monitor community is disabled, all read access is disabled. control community Describes the read/write community (the community that is allowed to do SET operations). Any community name established for read/write access is also valid for read-only access. The default value is "Public." When the control community is disabled, all write access is disabled. trap community Describes the community name used for traps. The default value is "Public." When the trap community name is disabled, Desktop SNMP does not send traps. MONITOR COMMUNITY ["name | public | private"] Use this parameter and setting to specify the monitor community name. Syntax monitor community=["name | public | private"] Default public Examples To specify the monitor community as "Private," you would place the following lines in your NET.CFG file: desktop snmp monitor community="private" CONTROL COMMUNITY ["name | public | private"] Use this parameter and setting to specify the control community name. Syntax control community=["name | public | private"] Default public Examples To specify the control community as "secret," you would place the following lines in your NET.CFG file: desktop snmp control community="secret" TRAP COMMUNITY ["name | public | private"] Use this parameter and setting to specify the trap community name. Syntax trap community=["name | public | private"] Default public Examples To specify the trap community as "AgentTrap," you would place the following lines in your NET.CFG file: desktop snmp trap community="AgentTrap" Community Types Community types can also be disabled. When a community type is disabled, no management entity can access information for that community. For example, if you disable the control community, no one can use Desktop SNMP to do SET operations against the data it manages. "Examples of NET.CFG Files Using the Community Name and Types" for examples of complete files. Desktop SNMP reads the community definition as follows, depending on the Enable CommunityType Community line: Desktop SNMP Option Settings for the Community Type Parameters Setting Explanation Omitted If "Enable Community" is set to "Omitted" for a community type, Desktop SNMP defaults to "Specified" for that community and looks for a line defining a CommunityName for the community. If no CommunityName is specified, Desktop SNMP defaults to public. Off If "Enable Community" is set to "Off" for a community type, access for that community is disabled. The line defining the CommunityName can be omitted. If the line is present, Desktop SNMP ignores it. Any If "Enable Community" is set to "Any" for a community type, any community string can be used to gain access. The line defining the communityName can be omitted. If it is present, Desktop SNMP ignores it. For trap community strings, the "Any" option is not applicable. If you specify "Enable Trap Community Any," Desktop SNMP interprets the line as if the community type were specified. Specified If "Enable Community" is set to "Specified" for a community type, Desktop SNMP uses the only the specified CommunityName for that community type. If none is specified, Desktop SNMP defaults to "Public." ENABLE MONITOR COMMUNITY [specified | any | off | omitted] Use this parameter and setting to enable the settings for the monitor community. Syntax enable monitor community=[specified | any | off | omitted] Default specified Examples To enable the monitor community as "Private" only, you would place the following lines in your NET.CFG file: desktop snmp enable monitor community=specified ENABLE CONTROL COMMUNITY [specified | any | off | omitted] Use this parameter and setting to enable the settings for the control community. Syntax enable control community=[specified | any | off | omitted] Default specified Examples To enable full access to the control community "Secret," you would place the following lines in your NET.CFG file: desktop snmp enable control community=any ENABLE TRAP COMMUNITY [specified | off | omitted] Use this parameter and setting to enable the settings for the trap community. Syntax enable trap community=[specified | off | omitted] Default specified Examples To disable the trap community name "AgentTrap," you would place the following lines in your NET.CFG file: desktop snmp enable trap community=off Examples of NET.CFG Files Using the Community Name and Types To use the default trap community, allow any community name to be used for read access, but set the read/write community name to secret, place the following lines in NET.CFG: desktop snmp enable monitor community=any enable control community=specified control community="Secret" To disable all traps and use the default values for the monitor and control communities, place the following lines in NET.CFG: desktop snmp able trap community=off To specify a NULL string for the control community and use the default values for the monitor and trap communities, place the following lines in NET.CFG: desktop snmp enable control community=specified control community="" Setting a NULL string is the same as setting the Enable Community line to Off. To allow only the private community to have access, and set the community name for traps to "AgentTrap," place the following lines in NET.CFG: desktop snmp enable monitor community=specified monitor community="private" enable control community=specified control community="private" enable trap community=specified trap community="agenttrap" To temporarily allow any community name to have read-only access in the previous example, modify the lines in NET.CFG as follows: desktop snmp enable monitor community=any monitor community="private" enable control community=specified control community="private" enable trap community=specified trap community="agenttrap" Desktop SNMP ignores the Monitor Community="private" line until you reset the Enable Monitor Community line to Specified. This allows you to temporarily change the setting to Any or Off without deleting the specific community name. MIB-II Support Desktop SNMP automatically supports three MIB-II groups: System and SNMP Groups Interfaces Group TCP/IP Groups (all other groups except the EGP and transmission groups, which are not supported by Desktop SNMP) System and SNMP Group Desktop SNMP automatically supports two MIB-II groups, system and SNMP. These groups provide SNMP management stations with information about your workstation and about Desktop SNMP. You can define some parameters for your workstation environment in the NET.CFG file (or other defined configuration file). The following table explains these parameters. Desktop SNMP Option Parameters Parameter Explanation sysname Use your user or login name, or your TCP/IP hostname, if one is assigned. syslocation Use the physical location of where your workstation is located. syscontact Use the real name of the person who should be contacted if your workstation needs maintenance. snmpEnableAuthenTrap The final setting, snmpEnableAuthenTraps, defaults to OFF. When set to ON, it instructs Desktop SNMP to send a trap message if someone without proper access tries to use SNMP to get or change information that SNMP manages. Each of these parameters is optional and can be used in groups or separately. The first three parameters define information that can be retrieved by SNMP management stations or reported in SNMP traps. Always enclose the Name, Location, or Contact information in quotation marks. Following is an example: desktop snmp sysname="Suzanne Morley x893" syslocation="Building 2" syscontact="suzanne@acompany.com" snmpenableauthentraps=on SYSNAME "name" Use this parameter and setting to inform the SNMP manager of your username. Syntax sysname="number" Default None Examples To notify the SNMP manager of your username "Suzanne," you would place the following lines in your NET.CFG file: desktop snmp sysname="Suzanne" SYSLOCATION "location" Use this parameter and setting to inform the SNMP manager of the physical location of you workstation. Syntax syslocation="location" Default None Examples To notify the SNMP manager that your workstation is in "Building 2," you would place the following lines in your NET.CFG file: desktop snmp syslocation="Building 2" SYSCONTACT "contact" Use this parameter and setting to inform the SNMP manager of your workstation's system administrator. Syntax syscontact="contact" Default None Examples To notify the SNMP manager that the name of your workstation's system administrator is "Bob Jones" at extension "x324," you would place the following lines in your NET.CFG file: desktop snmp syscontact="Bob Jones x324" SNMPENABLEAUTHENTRAP [on | off] Use this parameter and setting to instruct the Desktop SNMP to send a trap message if someone without proper access tries to use SNMP to get or change information that Desktop SNMP manages. Syntax snmpenableauthentrap=[on | off] Default Off Examples To increase security on your workstation, enable the Desktop SNMP to send a trap message to the manager by placing the following lines in your NET.CFG file: desktop snmp snmpenableauthentrap=on Interface Group Desktop SNMP provides a separate VLM file, MIB2IF.VLM, that supports the interfaces group. This group provides information about your network connection, such as the number of packets transmitted and received and whether it is ethernet or token ring. Add the following line to the Netware DOS Requester section of NET.CFG: netware dos requester vlm=mib2if.vlm Always place the MIB2IF.VLM line after the lines that load the Desktop SNMP VLM suite. TCP/IP Group Desktop SNMP also provides a separate VLM file that supports the remainder of MIB-II. MIB2PROT.VLM provides MIB-II support for the TCP/IP groups (all groups except interface, system, and SNMP, which are supported by other VLM files, and EGP and transmission, which are not supported). Load this VLM when you are using the TCP/IP stack from LAN WorkPlaceø. Always place the MIB2PROT.VLM line after the lines that load the Desktop SNMP VLM suite. Example of NET.CFG File Including Each Group Support On a workstation where the NetWare DOS Requester and comprehensive MIB-II support are both loaded, the entire Netware DOS Requester and Desktop SNMP sections of NET.CFG might read as follows: netware dos requester vlm=wssnmp.vlm vlm=wstrap.vlm vlm=wsreg.vlm vlm=wsasn1.vlm vlm=mib2if.vlm vlm=mib2prot.vlm desktop snmp sysname="Suzanne Morley x893" syslocation="Building 2" syscontact="Suzanne@acompany.com" snmpenableauthentraps=on Using the Transport Provider IPX | UDP NET.CFG Option for DOS and MS Windows Workstations The Desktop SNMP transport providers, STPIPX.COM and STPUDP.COM, read the configuration file to discover trap targets on NetWare networks. You can specify a separate configuration file for each transport provider when you load it. The following sections describe trap target configuration and configuration file specification. Use this option to specify the trap target address for your SNMP desktops. This option has the following parameter and setting: transport provider ipx | udp trap target=ipxaddress | ipaddress TRAP TARGET ipxaddress | ipaddress Trap targets define the addresses to which SNMP sends SNMP traps. To receive traps sent by Desktop SNMP, make sure your management station address is listed in the IPX (for IPX transport) or UDP (for UDP/IP transport) section of the configuration file read by the transport providers. Configuration File The transport providers read trap targets from the configuration file. You can name a specific configuration file, other than NET.CFG, for the transport providers, STPUDP.COM and STPIPX.COM. (This configuration file should match the one given in the VLM = command line.) To do this, load them with the /c option in your STARTNET.BAT file, as follows: STPIPX [/c=[path]configurationFile.CFG] STPUDP [/c=[path]configurationFile.CFG] The /c option is also available when you load VLM.EXE. When you specify the configurationFile.CFG without the path, the transport provider searches starting at the current directory. When you do not use the /c option, the transport provider uses the same configuration file used by the link support layer module, LSL.COM. This is usually NET.CFG, unless a different file is specified using the /c option when LSL is loaded. For example, to load STPIPX with the SNMPNET.CFG configuration file, use the following command: STPIPX /c=SNMPNET.CFG A trap target configuration for a machine using both IPX and UDP/IP transport is shown in the following example: transport provider IPX trap target=ab123456:0123456789ab trap target=cd654321:ba9876543210 transport provider UDP trap target=999.88.77.66 trap target=888.11.22.33 By default, no trap targets are defined. If you do not configure at least one trap target, Desktop SNMP does not send traps. Syntax trap target=[IPXAddress | IPAddress] Replace IPXAddress and IPAddress with the management station address for IPX transport or for UDP/IP transport. Default None Example To set your workstation for a management station of "ab123456:0123456789ab," you would place the following lines in your NET.CFG file: transport provider ipx trap target=ab123456:0123456789ab ------------------------------------------------------------------ DISCLAIMER Novell, Inc., makes no representations or warranties with respect to any NetWare software, and specifically disclaims any express or implied warranties of merchantability, title, or fitness for a particular purpose. Distribution of any NetWare software is forbidden without the express written consent of Novell, Inc. Further, Novell reserves the right to discontinue distribution of any NetWare software. 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