_ _ _
/ / (_)
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(_)_/_/ FindSector v1.0 - Sector level display and maintenance
Copyright 1996, Seagate Technology, Inc. All rights reserved.
The Seagate utility, FindSector, is meant for the support of Seagate
disc drives. FindSector displays the data found at the sector level.
Data is displayed in both Hex and ASCII formats. Sectors may be selected
by either Cylinder, Head, Sector reference or by Logical Block Address.
=======================================================================
Command Line Usage
------------------
Usage: FINDSECT [DRIVE #] [option1: C:x or L:x or D] [option2: R] or....
FINDSECT /filename.BIN [option1: R]
switches:
DRIVE # - A valid Drive # in the range 0 to 3
C:xxx-xxx-xx - CHS sector reference
L:xxxxxxxx - LBA sector reference
D - dump the sector binary data to <filename>.BIN
/filename.BIN - load a previously saved sector data dump
R - allow command line redirection to printer or file
(no switches) - program prompts for input
See FindSect.txt for more detailed descriptions.
======================================================================
FindSector Help Screen
----------------------
After a sector is selected and displayed:
Up and Down arrows scroll within the sector.
Home and End keys move to beginning and end of the sector
Other sectors can be viewed:
PgUp = previous sector
PgDn = next sector
Ctrl+PgUp = previous head
Ctrl+PgDn = next head
Ctrl+Home = previous cylinder
Ctrl+End = next cylinder
ESC, F3, Alt+X, Alt+Q = Quit the program
FINDSECT /? for command line options
======================================================================
Background Info
---------------
A disc drive is defined "physically" by its Cylinders (C), Heads (H)
and Sectors per Track (S or SPT). The values given to these parameters
make up the drive's default "CHS translation". The Cylinders represent
the number of steps the heads can make while travelling from the outer
diameter to the inner. The heads are one for each surface of a
platter and are all attached to an actuator that moves all the heads
together as a group. As the heads step through the cylinders, all
heads are always on the same cylinder. A track is the circle defined
by rotating the platter under one head and is typically subdivided
into sectors of 512 bytes each. The number of sectors found on a disc
drive can be easily calculated as Cylinders * Heads * SPT. CHS * 512
equal the total bytes. CHS addressing can define any single sector on
the drive and is a kind of three dimensional coordinate system. The
first sector on any drive using CHS is Cylinder 0, Head 0, and Sector
1 (Cyls and Hds start their numbering at 0).
The hard disc drive parameters are stored as drive types in the system
BIOS CMOS. During the Power On Self Test (POST) the drive types are
used to inform the operating system of the storage devices' data
holding capacity. These drive parameters can be pre defined, user
defined, auto-detected or supplied via another host adapter's BIOS, as
in the SCSI interface. Interrupt 13, a set of low level hardware
interrupt routines for disc drives, is built into the system BIOS and
supplies basic Read and Write functions used by the operating system.
(These real mode bios routines are usually replaced, later, by more
sophisticated device drivers that operate in protected mode, as in
Windows 32-bit Disk Access.)
Today's modern ATA (IDE) drives use a default translation of 16 heads
which implies that there are eight platters within the hard drive
assembly. Actually, there are no more than two or three platters,
several thousand cylinder steps, and in a final complication, variable
sectors per track (more on the outer diameters than on the inner). The
BIOS Interrupt 13 and the Operating System need basic CHS values and
the default of 16 heads with a fixed number of Sectors Per Track is a
"translation" to accommodate that need. The key variable of Total
Sectors is the same and a small CPU on the disc drive makes sure that
the correct sectors are accessed.
Another approach to defining the capacity of a disc drive is to simply
state the total number of sectors and number them from zero to the
last. This results in a system where any sector is defined by a single
number or Logical Block Address (LBA) and is a kind of two dimensional
coordinate system. The drive's onboard CPU handles the math
calculation and uses zone look up tables to determine the sector
location. The first sector on any drive using LBA is 0 (Logical Block
Addressing starts the numbering at 0). SCSI interface disc drives use
this mode exclusively and only needs to define CHS values for
Operating Systems that are hard coded to CHS. Most Intel based
operating systems, including DOS and Windows, use CHS defined by
Interrupt 13 to communicate with the disc drive even though the
hardware may be communicating in LBA mode.
=======================================================================
FindSector sample output
------------------------
The following example of a DOS boot record was captured using the
command line redirection option: FINDSECT 0 C:0-1-1 R >STUFF.TXT
A sector has 512 bytes. Binary data is often studied in hexidecimal
notation or hex mode (base 16). In order to count in hex, alph
characters are borrowed to represent the values 10 through 15, namely
A through F. Counting from 0 to 16 (decimal) in hex:
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F 10
Often a small "h" is placed next to the number to identify it as a
hexidecimal number: 10h = 16d 200h = 512d (d as in decimal)
_ _ _
/ / (_)
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(_)_/_/ FindSector v1.0 - Sector level display and maintenance
Copyright 1996, Seagate Technology, Inc. All rights reserved.
Run under DOS v5.0
Word Offset HEX DATA------------------------------- ASCII------------------
0 0000 EB3C 904D 5344 4F53 352E 3000 0204 0100 .< .M SD OS 5. 0. .. ..
8 0010 0200 02AA FFF8 4000 2200 0900 2200 0000 .. .. .. @. ". .. ". ..
16 0020 0000 0000 8000 2998 9B33 1720 2020 2020 .. .. .. ). .3 .
24 0030 2020 2020 2020 4641 5431 3620 2020 FA33 FA T1 6 .3
32 0040 C08E D0BC 007C 1607 BB78 0036 C537 1E56 .. .. .| .. .x .6 .7 .V
40 0050 1653 BF3E 7CB9 0B00 FCF3 A406 1FC6 45FE .S .> |. .. .. .. .. E.
48 0060 0F8B 0E18 7C88 4DF9 8947 02C7 073E 7CFB .. .. |. M. .G .. .> |.
56 0070 CD13 7279 33C0 3906 137C 7408 8B0E 137C .. ry 3. 9. .| t. .. .|
64 0080 890E 207C A010 7CF7 2616 7C03 061C 7C13 .. | .. |. &. |. .. |.
72 0090 161E 7C03 060E 7C83 D200 A350 7C89 1652 .. |. .. |. .. .P |. .R
80 00A0 7CA3 497C 8916 4B7C B820 00F7 2611 7C8B |. I| .. K| . .. &. |.
88 00B0 1E0B 7C03 C348 F7F3 0106 497C 8316 4B7C .. |. .H .. .. I| .. K|
96 00C0 00BB 0005 8B16 527C A150 7CE8 9200 721D .. .. .. R| .P |. .. r.
104 00D0 B001 E8AC 0072 168B FBB9 0B00 BEE6 7DF3 .. .. .r .. .. .. .. }.
112 00E0 A675 0A8D 7F20 B90B 00F3 A674 18BE 9E7D .u .. . .. .. .t .. .}
120 00F0 E85F 0033 C0CD 165E 1F8F 048F 4402 CD19 ._ .3 .. .^ .. .. D. ..
128 0100 5858 58EB E88B 471A 4848 8A1E 0D7C 32FF XX X. .. G. HH .. .| 2.
136 0110 F7E3 0306 497C 1316 4B7C BB00 07B9 0300 .. .. I| .. K| .. .. ..
144 0120 5052 51E8 3A00 72D8 B001 E854 0059 5A58 PR Q. :. r. .. .T .Y ZX
152 0130 72BB 0501 0083 D200 031E 0B7C E2E2 8A2E r. .. .. .. .. .| .. ..
160 0140 157C 8A16 247C 8B1E 497C A14B 7CEA 0000 .| .. $| .. I| .K |. ..
168 0150 7000 AC0A C074 29B4 0EBB 0700 CD10 EBF2 p. .. .t ). .. .. .. ..
176 0160 3B16 187C 7319 F736 187C FEC2 8816 4F7C ;. .| s. .6 .| .. .. O|
184 0170 33D2 F736 1A7C 8816 257C A34D 7CF8 C3F9 3. .6 .| .. %| .M |. ..
192 0180 C3B4 028B 164D 7CB1 06D2 E60A 364F 7C8B .. .. .M |. .. .. 6O |.
200 0190 CA86 E98A 1624 7C8A 3625 7CCD 13C3 0D0A .. .. .$ |. 6% |. .. ..
208 01A0 4E6F 6E2D 5379 7374 656D 2064 6973 6B20 No n- Sy st em d is k
216 01B0 6F72 2064 6973 6B20 6572 726F 720D 0A52 or d is k er ro r. .R
224 01C0 6570 6C61 6365 2061 6E64 2070 7265 7373 ep la ce a nd p re ss
232 01D0 2061 6E79 206B 6579 2077 6865 6E20 7265 a ny k ey w he n re
240 01E0 6164 790D 0A00 494F 2020 2020 2020 5359 ad y. .. IO SY
248 01F0 534D 5344 4F53 2020 2053 5953 0000 55AA SM SD OS S YS .. U.
============================================================================== Drive : 0 CHS : 0 - 1 - 1 LBA : 34
FindSector v1.0, Copyright 1996 Seagate Technology, Inc. All rights reserved.
======================================================================
Obtaining updated versions
--------------------------
FindSector may be updated to add new features and maintain
compatibility with changes in technology. The latest copy can always
be obtained from your nearest Seagate Technical Support BBS:
* SeaBOARD-The Seagate electronic bulletin board systems
United States 408-438-8771
England 44-1-62-847-8011
France (+33 1) 48 25 35 95
Germany 49-89-140-9331
Singapore 65-292-6973
Thailand 662-531-8111
Australia 61-2-756-2359
Korea 82-2-556-7294
* The Seagate CompuServe Forum (type "go seagate")
* The Seagate ftp server (on the internet):
ftp://ftp.seagate.com
We can also be reached by mail:
Seagate Technology, Inc.
Attn: Technical Support - Bldg. 5
P.O. Box 66360
Scotts Valley, CA 95067-0360
By phone: 1-408-438-8222
By FAX: 1-408-438-8137
Seagate Technical Support
Additional Information:
-----------------------
The following additional information and programs are available on the
Seagate Tech Support BBS (408)438-8771 and many fine and helpful BBS's
around the world:
--Specifications and jumper drawings for all Seagate Disc Drives and
Controllers.
--Reprints of Installation Guides.
--Troubleshooting essays.
--Software:
NFDISC - A utility for the display, backup and possible repair
of partition records.
FIND-ATA - ATA (IDE) disc drives can give a very detailed report
about themselves through the interface command:
Identify Drive. Information about the drive's
default geometry and advanced features is emphasized.
ASPI-ID - A Mode Sense utility for SCSI interface disc drives.
Detailed information about each of the mode pages is
given along with a SCSI Inquiry report. This program
operates through the standard ASPI device driver
supplied by the SCSI host adapter manufacturer. Very
detailed documentation provided.
FINDTYPE - Utility program that displays bios drive type table
and matches a Seagate model to the best drive type.
Also prints complete specifications lists and much
more!
FINDINIT - Utility for Seagate controllers and host adapters
that have onboard bios. Queries the system to
determine bios memory address and initiates low-level
format.
DESK REFERENCE - Windows based hypertext data system for all Seagate
products, troubleshooting, other OEM phone numbers
and much, much more. A must for dealers who do a fair
amount of support for Seagate products.
SEAGATE FORMAT - A lo-level and mid-level formatting utility for AT
systems (286+) which supports MFM, RLL, ESDI and ATA
interface drives.
======================================================================
LICENSE AGREEMENT AND WARRANTY DISCLAIMER
Seagate reserves the right to change, without notice, product
offerings or specifications.
This is a legal agreement between you the purchaser and Seagate
Technology, Inc. By accessing FindSector, (the "Software"), you agree
to be bound by the terms of this agreement. If you do not agree, do
not access the software.
Seagate provides the accompanying object code of the Software and
nonexclusively licenses its use to you on the following terms and
conditions. The Software is Seagate's proprietary, copyrighted
product. Seagate grants you a limited access to use one copy of the
Software. You may not copy, distribute the Software for resale. You
may not reverse engineer, modify, rent, or lease the Software. In
addition, you may not disclose the information or data incorporated in
the Software to others, in any format.
You accept the Software "as is" without any warranty whatsoever.
Seagate does not warrant that the Software will meet your
requirements; that the Software is fit for any particular purpose or
that the use of the Software will be error free.
SEAGATE EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, WHETHER ORAL OR WRITTEN,
EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY, OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. IN NO EVENT
WILL SEAGATE BE LIABLE TO YOU, YOUR CUSTOMERS OR OTHER USERS IN ANY
WAY BASED ON USE OF THE SOFTWARE, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION FOR ANY
LOSS OF PROFITS, LOSS OF DATA OR USE OF THE SOFTWARE OR INDIRECT,
INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, SPECIAL, OR EXEMPLARY DAMAGES ARISING OUT
OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE SOFTWARE.
(C) 1996 Seagate Technology, Inc. End of License Agreement.
------------------------------------------------------------------
FINDSECT.TXT: Publication vvvvv-rrr, Rev. A
------------------------------------------------------------------
-=EOF: FINDSECT.TXT=-
Download Driver Pack
After your driver has been downloaded, follow these simple steps to install it.
Expand the archive file (if the download file is in zip or rar format).
If the expanded file has an .exe extension, double click it and follow the installation instructions.
Otherwise, open Device Manager by right-clicking the Start menu and selecting Device Manager.
Find the device and model you want to update in the device list.
Double-click on it to open the Properties dialog box.
From the Properties dialog box, select the Driver tab.
Click the Update Driver button, then follow the instructions.
Very important: You must reboot your system to ensure that any driver updates have taken effect.
For more help, visit our Driver Support section for step-by-step videos on how to install drivers for every file type.