Chips and Technologies
DS8223 LEAPEMM.SYS EMM Driver Documentation
I.Introduction:
This document describes the MS-DOS device driver
LEAPEMM.SYS, when in conjunction with a Chips and
Technologies 8223 "LEAP" ChipSet provides support for LIM
EMS 4.0
II. Device Driver Installation
This EMS driver is supplied as a device driver that can be
loaded at DOS boot time. The user is required to edit the
CONFIG.SYS file so that it contains a line in the form of:
DEVICE = d:[path]\LEAPEMM.SYS [options]
where d: and [path] represent the drive and path where the
driver is located.
The driver is designed so that, under normal circumstances,
it does not need any command line options in order to give
satisfactory performance. However, command line options are
provided so that the driver may be tailored to a user's
specific needs.
Before installing the driver, you should run your system
SETUP and make sure to set aside sufficient memory for your
needs. This memory should be designated as expanded memory.
III. Command Line Parameters
The following command line parameters are available for
knowledgeable users who wish to tailor the driver for their
own requirements. Option names may be shortened to their
first two characters. Options should be separated by one or
more spaces. Spaces are optional before and after the '-'
and '=' symbols.
FRAME = aaaa
Specifies the page frame address (the address of
the 64K segment through which expanded memory is
mapped. "aaaa" must be either C000, C400, C800,
CC00, D000, D400, D800, DC00, or E000. Specifying
FRAME will override the automatic choice of page
frame by the driver.
EXCLUDE = xxxx [- cccc]
Specifies an area of memory which should not be
under the control of the LEAPEMM.SYS driver. "xxxx"
and "cccc" specify the address or range of
addresses of memory to be excluded and should be in
multiples of 16K (i.e. end in 00). EXCLUDE may be
used several times on the driver command line to
exclude multiple blocks of memory, though at least
64K of memory should remain above 640K (A000). The
driver will find all RAM/ROM in the range D000 -
EFFF, and will adjust for them.
INCLUDE = xxxx [- cccc]
Specifies memory to be included under the control
of the LEAPEMM.SYS driver. Parameters are similar
to EXCLUDE above.
HANDLES = hhh
Specifies the number of handles and names
available. "hhh" must be in the range of 16 to
255, with the default being 64.
IOADDR = aaa
Overrides the default base I/O address at which the
"LEAP" ChipSet should be configured. aaa must be
either 208, 218, 258, 268, 2A8, 2B8, or 2E8.
DIAGS = xxx
Specifies whether EMS memory diagnostics are performed
during initialization of the driver. "xxx" must be
ON or OFF. The default is OFF.
IV. Error Messages
"Initialization Error. Memory Manager not Installed"
This is a generic error message that is accompanied
by another error message. This means that for some
reason (given by the other error message) the EMM
driver could not be installed correctly.
"Cannot detect mapping hardware"
The EMM driver could not find a Chips 8223 "LEAP"
ChipSet in the system. Make sure that your EMS is
enabled. This error may indicate that you have the
wrong driver for your system.
"Problems encountered with memory initialization"
The EMM driver could not set up the page frame
correctly. Make sure that there is at least one
contiguous 64K segment of unused memory space above
640K (A000).
"Interrupt 67 Vector already allocated"
Some other driver has already allocated the EMS
interrupt vector. Remove all other EMS drivers
from your CONFIG.SYS file.
"I/O address specified is not one of the permitted
values"
The EMS mapper I/O address you indicated using the
IOADDR command line option is an invalid address.
Make sure that it is either 208, 218, 258, 268,
2A8, 2B8, or 2E8.
"An equals (=) sign was expected"
One of your LEAPEMM.SYS command line options was
not immediately followed by an equals '=' sign.
Check your CONFIG.SYS file to make sure the
LEAPEMM.SYS command line is formatted correctly.
"Invalid HEX number or not divisible by 16"
One of your INCLUDE or EXCLUDE "xxxx" command line
arguments is incorrect. Each "xxxx" argument for
these options must be divisible by 16 (ending in
00).
"Number of handles invalid or out range"
The value you specified for the HANDLES command
line option is invalid. Make sure it is a decimal
number between 16 and 255.
"Invalid Page Frame Address"
The page frame address you specified is invalid.
The page frame must start at either C000, C400,
C800, CC00, D000, D400, D800, DC00, or E000.
"No working memory can be found. EMM aborted"
The driver cannot find any memory set aside as
expanded memory. Make sure to run your system
SETUP, and set aside some memory for expanded
memory.
"Unrecognized command/option in command line"
The string displayed after this error message was
found to be invalid. Edit your CONFIG.SYS to make
sure this invalid option is corrected.
"End address is less than starting address"
One of the "cccc" addresses specified for either
the INCLUDE or EXCLUDE options is less than the
"xxxx" value for that option.
"The command line is incomplete"
Options are incomplete on the LEAPEMM.SYS command
line. Make sure that all command line options are
correctly formatted.
"Problems encountered in setting default page frame
address"
The default page frame address found in your system
CMOS is invalid. This is not a fatal error, if
this occurs the driver will use the default base
address. Make sure to run your system SETUP and
make sure that your EMS base address is valid.
"Decimal number input overflow error"
The number of handles specified is an invalid
number. Edit your CONFIG.SYS and make sure that
the parameter for HANDLES is correctly formatted.
"Error EMS I/O not enabled"
EMS has not been enabled on the Chips 8223 "LEAP"
ChipSet. Run your system SETUP and make sure EMS
has been enabled.
"The EMS hardware is disabled or not functional"
This is a generic error message that is accompanied
by another error message. This means that for some
reason (given by the other error message) the EMS
hardware is not operating properly.
Download Driver Pack
After your driver has been downloaded, follow these simple steps to install it.
Expand the archive file (if the download file is in zip or rar format).
If the expanded file has an .exe extension, double click it and follow the installation instructions.
Otherwise, open Device Manager by right-clicking the Start menu and selecting Device Manager.
Find the device and model you want to update in the device list.
Double-click on it to open the Properties dialog box.
From the Properties dialog box, select the Driver tab.
Click the Update Driver button, then follow the instructions.
Very important: You must reboot your system to ensure that any driver updates have taken effect.
For more help, visit our Driver Support section for step-by-step videos on how to install drivers for every file type.